rugose

1. (figurative, rare) Rugged, rough, unrefined.Synonyms: coarsefigurativelyrare

2. (botany) Having a rough, wrinkled, or wavy surface; commonly in parasynthetic usage e.g. "rugose-veined" or "rugose-leaved".Examples: "Petraea foliis rugosis ovatis. The oval, rugose-leaved Petraea. The root is brachiated; the shrub rises to ten feet high: the leaves are three inches long, an inch and a half broad, even at the edges, and very rough to the touch: (Note: In modern nomenclature, the plant in question probably is Petrea rugosa, as the spelling "Petraea" does not seem to match any extant genus,)"; "The original leaves were flat and very rugose, and almost hid by the numerous single-stemmed flowers; while the leaves produced in the umbellate state were larger, more upright, and less wrinkled."

3. (paleontology) Describing a fossil coral of the extinct order †Rugosa (also called Tetracoralla), this order has horn-shaped corals with surfaces covered with ridges.

4. (entomology) Used when combined with another adjective, for example, rugose-reticulate or rugose-punctate.